Quaternary quinolinium small-molecule NNMT inhibitor
5-Amino-1MQ is a small-molecule inhibitor of the enzyme NNMT—not a peptide. Researchers have studied it mainly in cells and mice for body fat, glucose handling, fatty liver, aged muscle, and cancer biology. No published human treatment trial was located.
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Depth and confidence summarize the research record—not effectiveness, safety, or a recommendation.
Mouse metabolic, muscle, and cancer models plus cell studies are available, but no registered human interventional study was located.
Research depth describes how large and mature the overall record is. It does not tell you whether the results were positive.
Human pharmacokinetics, tolerability, effective exposure, interactions, and clinical benefit have not been established.
Confidence describes how reliable and consistent the conclusions are. It can be high for one outcome and low for another.
The strongest evidence type shows what the best-supported conclusions are actually based on.
Human findings are more directly relevant than animal or laboratory results, but they still apply only to the populations and outcomes studied.
Route-specific record
These are exposures used in cited research for a specific route and population—not a suggested amount.
Half-life describes how long it takes the measured amount in the body to fall by half. It is not a dosing recommendation.
Evidence can change by administration method. Findings from one route should not automatically be applied to another.
Evidence boundary: Animal mg/kg values, frequencies, and tolerability cannot be converted into human instructions. Short mouse reports of no observable adverse effects do not establish human safety. Amounts shown describe cited research exposure—not a dosage recommendation.
Practical starting point
Common goals and questions—not recommendations or promises of benefit.
The overview, studies, and source ledger below explain what supports each label—and where the evidence stops.
The short version
5-Amino-1MQ is a small-molecule inhibitor of the enzyme NNMT—not a peptide. Researchers have studied it mainly in cells and mice for body fat, glucose handling, fatty liver, aged muscle, and cancer biology. No published human treatment trial was located.
Evidence reviewed through July 25, 2026. Cell, mouse, human-tumor biomarker, and regulatory records are separated; no human 5-Amino-1MQ exposure trial was located.
What the evidence says
No direct human treatment evidence; human bladder-tumor datasets associated NNMT-positive fibroblasts with outcomes, but patients did not receive 5-Amino-1MQ
This is the strongest supported conclusion in the current human evidence—not a summary of every claim made about the compound.
Human pharmacokinetics, safety, tolerability, dose-response, interactions, and whether any mouse metabolic or muscle signal translates into clinical benefit
Keeping the main uncertainty visible prevents an early or promising finding from looking more settled than it is.
The evidence story
Importance shows how much an item changes the evidence story. Quality shows how much confidence the design deserves. A strong negative study can score highly on both.
Importance and quality answer different questions. A rigorous study can be highly important even when it challenges a popular claim.
5A1MQ dose-dependently limited weight and fat-mass gain without changing food intake or lean mass, improved glucose and insulin measures, and reduced several fatty-liver findings. Mouse testing found poor oral bioavailability and greater exposure after non-oral routes.
5-Amino-1MQ reduced tumor growth and strengthened the anti-PD-L1 effect in the mouse model. Separate patient-tumor analyses linked NNMT-positive fibroblasts with worse response and prognosis.
Treated sedentary mice had about 40% higher grip strength than sedentary controls, and treatment plus exercise produced an approximately 60% difference. Some muscle-composition measures improved, but peak torque and fatigue endpoints did not show the same broad effect.
5MQ reduced HeLa-cell proliferation in a concentration- and time-dependent pattern and changed several signaling markers.
NNMT inhibition increased muscle-stem-cell activity, regenerated-fiber size, and injured-muscle peak torque in aged mice; related differentiation signals were also seen in cultured myoblasts.
Administration and handling
Published experiments used very different mouse exposures, including subcutaneous, oral, and intravenous administration. A 2024 mouse pharmacokinetic study reported poor oral bioavailability and greater systemic exposure after non-oral routes. These findings describe animal experiments only: no human dose-escalation, route, schedule, cycle, or interaction study was located, and animal mg/kg values must not be converted into self-use instructions.
No FDA-approved 5-Amino-1MQ product label, sterile injectable specification, consumer reconstitution procedure, storage condition, beyond-use date, or compatibility standard was identified. The active quinolinium identity and iodide salt should not be conflated, and seller-labeled powders, capsules, or solutions cannot be assumed equivalent, pure, sterile, stable, or correctly identified.
Primary-source ledger
2026-01-20
2024-11-01 · PMID 39161060 · DOI 10.1111/dom.15879
2024-07-27 · PMID 39067875 · DOI 10.1136/jitc-2024-009281
2024-07-05 · PMID 38969654 · DOI 10.1038/s41598-024-66034-9
2021-11-01 · PMID 33645410 · DOI 10.1080/01443615.2020.1854696
2019-05-01 · PMID 30753815 · DOI 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.02.008
2018-01-01 · PMID 29155147 · DOI 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.11.007