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v0.9.0

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Relay is now feature-complete and has entered its first Public Alpha.

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What's NewWhat shipped in the current release
v0.9.0 — Public AlphaJuly 2026

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v0.9.0

Public Alpha

The first feature-complete public release candidate for Peptide Relay.

Released July 2026

Last updated July 2026 · Updated with every public release.

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Compound library

KISS1-derived reproductive neuropeptide / KISS1R agonist

Kisspeptin

Early human research

Kisspeptin is one of the brain's upstream “start signals” for the reproductive hormone system. Human studies show that specific research forms can raise LH and FSH, trigger egg maturation during monitored IVF, and change sexual-processing signals in small controlled trials. It is not an approved fertility, testosterone, or sexual-function drug, and repeated exposure can make the hormone response fade.

7-minute readEvidence reviewed July 25, 2026
Controlled human studyOther human evidenceNo direct evidence located

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Every structured report adds useful context about research setup, outcomes, and unwanted effects as the community dataset grows.

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Educational research record—not medical advice. Evidence reviewed through July 25, 2026. Peer-reviewed findings, regulatory labeling, sponsor-reported topline results, and unreported registered trials are labeled separately.

Research at a glance

Kisspeptin in 60 seconds

Depth and confidence summarize the research record—not effectiveness, safety, or a recommendation.

Research depthBroad early human research

Phase 2 IVF studies and multiple controlled physiology trials cover SubQ, IV, and intranasal kisspeptin, but most studies are small and no product is approved.

Why this matters

Research depth describes how large and mature the overall record is. It does not tell you whether the results were positive.

Evidence confidenceLow for durable clinical outcomes

Acute LH and FSH responses are reproducible, while fertility, testosterone, sexual-function, and long-term safety conclusions remain preliminary and schedule dependent.

Why this matters

Confidence describes how reliable and consistent the conclusions are. It can be high for one outcome and low for another.

Strongest evidenceA 60-person Phase 2 IVF trigger study plus controlled human physiology trials
Why this matters

The strongest evidence type shows what the best-supported conclusions are actually based on.

Human evidenceDirect across three routes, but formulation-, isoform-, schedule-, and endpoint-specific
Why this matters

Human findings are more directly relevant than animal or laboratory results, but they still apply only to the populations and outcomes studied.

Route-specific record

What changes by administration method

Route studiedSubcutaneous kisspeptin-54 in monitored IVF and reproductive-physiology studies
Schedules studiedSingle IVF triggers and separate twice-daily experiments lasting up to two weeks
Amounts studiedIVF studies used single 1.6, 3.2, 6.4, 9.6, or 12.8 nmol/kg exposures; a separate hypothalamic-amenorrhea study used 6.4 nmol/kg twice daily for two weeks
Why this matters

These are exposures used in cited research for a specific route and population—not a suggested amount.

Half-lifeA route-specific SubQ terminal half-life was not established in these outcome studies; kisspeptin-54 and kisspeptin-10 cannot share one pharmacokinetic value
Why this matters

Half-life describes how long it takes the measured amount in the body to fall by half. It is not a dosing recommendation.

Route evidenceEarly controlled and prospective human research
Why this matters

Evidence can change by administration method. Findings from one route should not automatically be applied to another.

Evidence boundary: The IVF exposures occurred inside complete specialist-monitored stimulation and retrieval protocols. Repeated exposure produced a marked tachyphylaxis signal in hypothalamic amenorrhea, so isolated trial amounts are not a self-directed fertility, testosterone, or cycle protocol. Amounts shown describe cited research exposure—not a dosage recommendation.

Practical starting point

Why people research it

Common goals and questions—not recommendations or promises of benefit.

  • Triggering egg maturation during monitored IVFSupported by human studies
  • Stimulating LH and FSH releaseSupported by human studies
  • Hypothalamic amenorrhea and hormone pulsatilityEarly human evidence
  • Short-term endogenous testosterone responseEarly human evidence
  • Low sexual desire and arousal signalingEarly human evidence
  • General fertility enhancement outside monitored careNot demonstrated
  • Testosterone optimization, muscle gain, or fat lossNot demonstrated

The overview, studies, and source ledger below explain what supports each label—and where the evidence stops.

Loading Community Intelligence…

What the evidence says

What we know—and what we’re still learning

What we know

Phase 2 IVF oocyte-maturation studies and multiple small randomized controlled human physiology trials

Why this matters

This is the strongest supported conclusion in the current human evidence—not a summary of every claim made about the compound.

What we’re still learning

Comparative clinical effectiveness, long-term safety, durable fertility or symptom outcomes, optimal form and schedule, and product-specific identity and stability

Why this matters

Keeping the main uncertainty visible prevents an early or promising finding from looking more settled than it is.

The evidence story

How the research changed over time

Importance shows how much an item changes the evidence story. Quality shows how much confidence the design deserves. A strong negative study can score highly on both.

Why this matters

Importance and quality answer different questions. A rigorous study can be highly important even when it challenges a popular claim.

Mechanistic pilotMixed finding

Dynamic modulation of LH secretion by continuous kisspeptin infusion in healthy men

LH rose five- to eightfold above baseline, then declined by 13% to 47% from its peak before the infusion ended; FSH and testosterone rose more modestly.

n = 324 hours
Importance
Preliminary qualityOpen source
Early route-of-administration studySupports a claim

Intranasal kisspeptin administration rapidly stimulates gonadotropin release in humans

Intranasal kisspeptin-54 increased LH in all three groups, with the largest response in the hypothalamic-amenorrhea group. No side effects or adverse events were encountered during the short study.

n = 34Four-hour hormone assessment after each intranasal exposure
Importance
Moderate qualityOpen source
Randomized mechanistic clinical trialAdds context

Effects of Kisspeptin on Sexual Brain Processing and Penile Tumescence in Men With Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Kisspeptin changed sexual-processing brain activity. Secondary analyses included up to 56% greater penile tumescence during a sexual video and improvement in selected desire or arousal measures.

n = 37Two 75-minute infusion visits
Importance
Moderate qualityOpen source
Randomized mechanistic clinical trialAdds context

Effects of Kisspeptin Administration in Women With Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Kisspeptin changed activity in brain regions involved in sexual and facial-attraction processing and was well tolerated during the acute visits.

n = 40Two 75-minute infusion visits
Importance
Moderate qualityOpen source
Phase 2Supports a claim

Efficacy of Kisspeptin-54 to Trigger Oocyte Maturation in Women at High Risk of Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome During IVF Therapy

Oocyte maturation occurred in 95% of women. Among 51 embryo transfers, biochemical pregnancy was 63%, clinical pregnancy 53%, and live birth 45%; no participant developed moderate, severe, or critical OHSS.

n = 60Single trigger with pregnancy and OHSS follow-up
Importance
Moderate qualityOpen source

Keep exploring

Related compounds

Editorial relationships—not evidence that the compounds should be combined.

Commonly comparedHCGWhy it’s related

Approved gonadotropin products used in monitored fertility care and compared conceptually with experimental kisspeptin triggers.

View profile Similar research goalPT-141Why it’s related

Approved melanocortin agonist for one narrow HSDD population; its evidence and mechanism do not transfer to kisspeptin.

View profile

Administration and handling

What official research does—and does not—provide

Trial-specific research administration—not a kisspeptin dosing guide

Published human studies have used specific pharmaceutical kisspeptin-54 or kisspeptin-10 formulations by intravenous infusion, subcutaneous injection, or a study-specific intranasal spray. IVF studies placed one experimental trigger inside a full specialist-monitored stimulation, retrieval, fertilization, transfer, and luteal-support protocol. Hormone studies used short research visits with frequent blood sampling. These records explain what researchers tested; they do not establish a starter dose, conversion between forms, cycle, stack, testosterone protocol, fertility plan, or self-administration route.

No universal reconstitution or storage standard exists

No FDA-approved kisspeptin product label was located, so there is no official consumer reconstitution, diluent, storage, or beyond-use instruction to generalize. A 2025 paper reported up to 60 days of refrigerated stability for the investigators' specific pharmaceutical intranasal kisspeptin-54 formulation. That finding cannot validate another powder, vial, nasal product, mixture, or route, and it does not establish identity, purity, sterility, concentration, compatibility, or safe handling.

Primary-source ledger

Trace every major statement

Primary source

FDA: How to find out whether a drug is approved

Primary source
Primary source

Dynamic modulation of LH secretion by continuous kisspeptin infusion in healthy men

2026-06-02 · PMID 42230485 · NCT01438073 · DOI 10.1007/s42000-026-00795-y

Primary source
Primary source

Intranasal kisspeptin administration rapidly stimulates gonadotropin release in humans

2025-05-01 · PMID 40215751 · DOI 10.1016/j.ebiom.2025.105689

Primary source
Primary source

Effects of Kisspeptin on Sexual Brain Processing and Penile Tumescence in Men With Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial

2023-02-01 · PMID 36735255 · ISRCTN17271094 · DOI 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.54313

Primary source
Primary source

Effects of Kisspeptin Administration in Women With Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial

2022-10-03 · PMID 36287566 · ISRCTN17271094 · DOI 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.36131

Primary source
Primary source

Efficacy of Kisspeptin-54 to Trigger Oocyte Maturation in Women at High Risk of Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome During IVF Therapy

2015-09-01 · PMID 26192876 · NCT01667406 · DOI 10.1210/jc.2015-2332

Primary source
Primary source

Kisspeptin-54 triggers egg maturation in women undergoing in vitro fertilization

2014-08-01 · PMID 25036713 · NCT01667406 · DOI 10.1172/JCI75730

Primary source
Primary source

Increasing LH pulsatility in women with hypothalamic amenorrhoea using intravenous infusion of Kisspeptin-54

2014-06-01 · PMID 24517142 · DOI 10.1210/jc.2013-1569

Primary source
Primary source

Exploring the pathophysiology of hypogonadism in men with type 2 diabetes: kisspeptin-10 stimulates serum testosterone and LH secretion in men with type 2 diabetes and mild biochemical hypogonadism

2013-07-01 · PMID 23153270 · DOI 10.1111/cen.12103

Primary source
Primary source

Kisspeptin-10 is a potent stimulator of LH and increases pulse frequency in men

2011-08-01 · PMID 21632807 · DOI 10.1210/jc.2011-0089

Primary source
Primary source

Subcutaneous injection of kisspeptin-54 acutely stimulates gonadotropin secretion in women with hypothalamic amenorrhea, but chronic administration causes tachyphylaxis

2009-11-01 · PMID 19820030 · DOI 10.1210/jc.2009-0406

Primary source
Primary source

The GPR54 gene as a regulator of puberty

2003-10-23 · PMID 14573733 · DOI 10.1056/NEJMoa035322

Primary source

Open research questions

Questions researchers are still exploring

These questions show where the evidence remains incomplete—not what future studies will necessarily find.

  • Comparative clinical effectiveness, long-term safety, durable fertility or symptom outcomes, optimal form and schedule, and product-specific identity and stability
  • What do longer-duration studies show about safety and durability?
  • Which populations or experimental settings, if any, show reproducible effects?
  • How do route, formulation, and study design change the observed findings?

Page transparency

Update history

See when this profile changed and what was revised. Source publication dates remain in the evidence story and source ledger above.

Context and transparency expanded
  • Added plain-English “Why this matters” explanations to key evidence concepts.
  • Made related-compound relationships explicit and added open research questions.
  • Added a visible, expandable page update history.